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If you've watched the news or followed politics chances are you've heard the term Orwellian thrown around in one context or another.
如果你看新聞或者關注政治，那么你很有可能聽說過“奧威爾現象”頻繁地出現在不同的語境中。
But have you ever stopped to think about what it really means, or why it's used so often?
但是你可能會停下來，好奇這個詞究竟是什么意思？為什么被這樣頻繁地使用？
The term was named after British author Eric Blair known by his pen name George Orwell.
這個詞是根據英國作家埃里克·布萊爾命名的，他的筆名就是喬治·奧威爾。
Because his most famous work, the novel "1984," depicts an oppressive society under a totalitarian government.
在他的最著名的作品《1984》中描述了一個被極權主義政府壓制的社會。
"Orwellian" is often used simply to mean authoritarian.
“奧威爾現象”經常被簡單地指代專制主義。
But using the term in this way not only fails to fully convey Orwell's message, it actually risks doing precisely what he tried to warn against.
但是這樣使用這個詞不僅并未傳達奧威爾的全意，反而有可能適得其反。
Orwell was indeed opposed to all forms of tyranny, spending much of his life fighting against anti-democratic forces of both the left-wing and the right.
奧威爾確實是反對各種形式的專政，他傾其一生對抗反民主力量，不論是左翼還是右翼。
But he was also deeply concerned with how such ideologies proliferate.
但是他也非常擔心這種思想滋生擴散的方式。
And one of his most profound insights was the importance that language plays in shaping our thoughts and opinions.
他最著名的一個見解就是語言在塑造思想和意見中起到重要作用。
The government of "1984"'s Oceania controls its people's actions and speech in some ways that are obvious.
《1984》中的大洋國的政府用一種明顯的方式控制了人們的行動和言語。
Their every move and word is watched and heard, and the threat of what happens to those who step out of line is always looming overhead.
他們的一言一行都被監視，行為異常的下場時刻威脅著所有人。
Other forms of control are not so obvious.
其他的控制形式沒有這么明顯。
The population is inundated with a constant barrage of propaganda made up of historical facts and statistics manufactured in the Ministry of Truth.
所有的人民都被蒙蔽在“真理部門”捏造的所謂“史實”和數據中。
The Ministry of Peace is the military. Labor camps are called "Joycamps."
和平部負責軍事，勞動營被叫做“歡樂營”。
Political prisoners are detained and tortured in the Ministry of Love.
政治囚犯被“友愛部”囚禁和折磨。
This deliberate irony is an example of doublespeak, when words are used not to convey meaning but to undermine it, corrupting the very ideas they refer to.
這種故意的諷刺就是“雙重思想”的一個例證，言語不為傳達卻為扭曲其含義，曲解了每個觀點的本意。
The regime's control of language goes even further.
政權的言語控制還有更甚。
Eliminating words from the English language to create the official dialect of Newspeak.
剔除媒體發布中的英語詞匯以塑造官方說法。
A crudely limited collection of acronyms and simple concrete nouns lacking any words complex enough to encourage nuanced or critical thought.
一個簡陋的、滿是縮寫和簡單名詞的集合，缺乏能夠表達細微和關鍵觀點的復雜詞匯。
This has an effect on the psyche Orwell calls, "Doublethink,"
這就產生了一種被奧威爾叫做“雙重思想”的心理現象。
