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Let's start with school-year gains. That is how many points students' test score's rise from the time they started classes in September to the time they stopped in June.
讓我們從學(xué)校這一年所獲得的分?jǐn)?shù)開始。下面表格中的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了學(xué)生們從9月份開學(xué)到6月份學(xué)期結(jié)束中所獲得的測試分?jǐn)?shù)。
Theses results tell a completely different story from the one suggested by the full year results.
列表中的“全部”代表著他們在這5年小學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中的所有科目。
The first set of test results made it look like lower-income kids were somehow failing in the classroom. But when you just look at the school year, you see that that isn't true.
第一個(gè)表格中暗示著完全不同的事情，第一套測試的結(jié)果讓低收入家庭的孩子看起來有點(diǎn)失敗。但是我們也清楚地看到這不是真實(shí)的。
Over the course of fiver years elementary school, poor kids actually "out-learn" the wealthiest kids 189 points to 194 points.
看一下“總成績”這一欄，小學(xué)5年的所有課程，窮孩子“從頭至尾地學(xué)習(xí)”，他們以191分比186分超過富孩子，
They lag behind the middle-class kids by only a modest amount, and in fact in one year, second grade, they learn more than anyone else.
他們落后中等收入家庭的孩子并不多，事實(shí)上，在二年級這個(gè)學(xué)年里，他們比中等階層或富裕家庭的孩子學(xué)到更多。
Now, let's see what happens if we just look at how reading scores change during summer vacation. Here again is a totally different story.
你看到不同了嗎？看看第一個(gè)列表，測量的是一年級暑假后的狀況。
In the summer after first grade, the wealthiest kids come back in September and their reading scores have jumped more than 15 points.
富孩子9月份回到學(xué)校，他們閱讀的分?jǐn)?shù)飛速增長了15分。
The poorest kids come back from the holidays and their reading scores haver dropped by almost 4 points.
窮孩子從假期回來，他們的分?jǐn)?shù)下降了4分。
Poor kids may out-learn rich kids during the school year. But during the summer, they fall far behind.
在這一學(xué)年，窮孩子比富孩子學(xué)得多，但是暑假期間，他們落后了。
Now suppose we total up all the summer learning gains from first grade to fifth grade.
現(xiàn)在看看最后一個(gè)列表，它顯示的是從一年級到五年級所有暑假所獲得的總和。
The reading scores of the poor kids over those four summers go up by .26 points.
窮孩子閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)漲了26分，
When it comes to reading skills, poor kids, in other words, learn nothing when score is not in session.
但到了閱讀技巧，在學(xué)校不開學(xué)的時(shí)候，窮孩子什么也學(xué)不到。
The reading scores of the rich kids, over the summer holidays, by contrast, go up by a whopping 52 points.
富孩子的閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)正好相反，大幅度增了52.49分。
Virtually all of the advantage that wealthy students have over poor students is the result of differences in the way privileged kids learn when they are not in school. What are we seeing here?
事實(shí)上，富孩子勝過窮孩子的所有優(yōu)勢就是：富孩子們不在學(xué)校時(shí)學(xué)到了東西。我們從這里看到了什么？
