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What that small brain structure in Pachyrhinosaurus tells us is that the animals were probably not problem solvers.
腫鼻角龍很小的腦部結構告訴我們，這種動物很可能沒有解決問題的能力。
They didn't have the capacity necessarily to sort out what was going on in their environment.They're a very instinctual animal.
它們沒有必要的能力來了解周圍發生了什么。它們是很依靠本能的動物。
You really couldn't throw Pachyrhinosaurus a curve and have the animal deal with it.
對于腫鼻角龍可不能指望它腦筋能轉得過來。
It was a very instinctual, hardwired animal.
這種動物全靠本能和身體。
Being an animal that reacts on instinct more than intellect, it's easy to understand how an entire herd of Pachyrhinosaurus could have been stampeded into a fast flowing river.
因為這種動物更多依靠本能而非智慧，整群腫鼻角龍受驚奔逃沖進激流就比較容易理解了。
Because of their small brains, these dinosaurs had a "shoot first and ask questions later" sort of mentality.
因為它們的大腦很小，這些恐龍基本上就是做了再說的那種。
What Pachyrhinosaurus lacked in brains, it made up for in brawn.
腫鼻角龍腦力的缺陷有塊頭來彌補。
Although the brain was small, it was protected inside the dinosaur's chief weapon: an armored skull.
盡管它的腦很小，它卻被保護在其最主要的武器里：有甲的頭顱。
Ceratopsian brain cases are actually separated from their skull which means that they can actually have a large impact on something and it's not gonna addle their brain.
腫鼻角龍的顱腔其實與它們的顱骨是分開的，這說明就算它們猛烈地撞擊到什么東西也不會損傷它們的腦。
Whether it's another dinosaur or maybe even knocking down trees, I don't know, to get to...to get to some more edibles.
不管撞到的是其它恐龍還是撞倒樹木，來弄點東西吃這其實都無所謂。
That massive skull is their biggest weapon and it's what they'd use to defend themselves.
它們厚重的頭顱是最主要的武器也是它們用來保護自己的工具。
In a fight, Pachyrhinosaurus is going to do one thing and that is to face its attacker.
在戰斗中，腫鼻角龍會做的就是面對它的攻擊者。
And as the attacker moves in, Pachyrhinosaurus will lower his head down and charge and just as he hits the target, it's going to raise its head up.
當它的攻擊者接近時，腫鼻角龍把頭低下沖上去，并且在撞到目標時會把頭揚起來。
What this does is it thrusts the horn in and then up and rips a huge wound into the attacker.
這樣它就能把角戳進去再抬起來給攻擊者撕開巨大傷口。
Multiply that battering ram by a hundred and you have Pachyrhinosaurus' other big weapon: strength in numbers.
把一攻城槌乘上一百倍就是腫鼻角龍的另一個重要武器，人多力量大。
Pachyrhinosaurus was a herd dinosaur and therefore it could operate together.
腫鼻角龍是群居恐龍因此會跟其它同伴合作。
The main benefits are the number of eyes available.
主要的好處是很多雙觀察的眼睛。
The more eyes around, the more chance you have of seeing a predator coming.
多幾雙眼睛觀察就更容易看到掠食者靠近。
Plus, if you've got a bunch of big animals with big horns or big frills working together, they can fight off even the fiercest of predators that lived in that environment.
而且，這么一大群有巨角和骨質褶皺的壯碩的動物合作，它們能戰退當時那種環境下最兇猛的掠食者。
That environment included Alberta, but also Alaska and Montana, where the remains of Pachyrhinosaurus have been found.
那種環境包括阿爾伯塔，還有阿拉斯加和蒙大拿，曾找到過腫鼻角龍化石的地方。
