評(píng)論
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There were street riots. A party of thugs was hired to kill the popular Tribune. Tiberius Gracchus was attacked when he entered the assembly and was beaten to death. Ten years later his brother Gaius tried the experiment of reforming a nation against the expressed wishes of a strong privileged class. He passed a "poor law" which was meant to help the destitute farmers. Eventually it made the greater part of the Roman citizens into professional beggars.
他們策動(dòng)街頭暴亂，一群暴徒被雇傭來(lái)要?dú)⑺肋@位深受愛(ài)戴的保民官。一天，當(dāng)提比略步人公民會(huì)議的會(huì)場(chǎng)時(shí)，暴徒們一擁而上去攻擊他，將他毆打致死。10年之后，他的兄弟蓋約斯再度嘗試改革國(guó)家，以抵制勢(shì)力強(qiáng)大的特權(quán)階層的無(wú)理要求。他制定了一部"貧民法"，初衷是想幫助那些失去土地、處于赤貧狀態(tài)的農(nóng)民。可事與愿違，這部法律最終卻使得大部分羅馬公民淪為了乞丐。
He established colonies of destitute people in distant parts of the empire, but these settlements failed to attract the right sort of people. Before Gaius Gracchus could do more harm he too was murdered and his followers were either killed or exiled. The first two reformers had been gentlemen. The two who came after were of a very different stamp. They were professional soldiers. One was called Marius. The name of the other was Sulla. Both enjoyed a large personal following.
蓋約斯在帝國(guó)的邊區(qū)為貧民建立起一些居留地，可這些居留地沒(méi)能吸引到它們想收容的那類人。在蓋約斯·格拉古做出更多好意的壞事前，他也被暗殺了。他的追隨者要么被殺，要么被流放。這最初的兩位改革者屬于貴族紳士，可隨后的兩位卻是截然不同的類型。他們是職業(yè)軍人，其中一人名為馬略，另一位叫蘇拉。各自擁有一大群支持者。
Sulla was the leader of the landowners. Marius, the victor in a great battle at the foot of the Alps when the Teutons and the Cimbri had been annihilated, was the popular hero of the disinherited freemen.
蘇拉是莊園主的領(lǐng)袖，而馬略身為在阿爾卑斯山腳殲滅條頓人和西姆賴特人的那場(chǎng)偉大戰(zhàn)役的勝利者，是被剝奪財(cái)產(chǎn)的自由民們的英雄。
Now it happened in the year 88 B.C. that the Senate of Rome was greatly disturbed by rumours that came from Asia. Mithridates, king of a country along the shores of the Black Sea, and a Greek on his mother's side, had seen the possibility of establishing a second Alexandrian Empire.
在公元前88年，從亞洲傳來(lái)一些謠言，讓元老院大感不安。據(jù)說(shuō)黑海沿岸的一個(gè)國(guó)家，國(guó)王名為米特拉達(dá)特斯，其母親是希臘人，他正厲兵襪馬、大有重建第二個(gè)亞歷山大帝國(guó)的可能。
