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Let's start with the backbone of the problem, literally.
讓我們先來看看脊椎部分。
Your spine is a long structure made of bones and the cartilage discs that sit between them.
你的脊椎是一個長形的結構，骨骼和軟骨交錯其中。
Joints, muscles and ligaments that are attached to the bones hold it all together.
附著在骨骼上的關節，肌肉和韌帶把它們緊緊地連結在一起。
A common way of sitting is with a curved back and slumped shoulders,
最常見的坐姿是彎著的背和下榻的肩膀，
a position that puts uneven pressure on your spine.
這個姿勢往往給你的脊椎施加了不平均的壓力。
Over time, this causes wear and tear in your spinal discs, overworks certain ligaments and joints,
日積月累，它會磨損你的腰間盤，使一些關節和肌肉過度勞損，
and puts strain on muscles that stretch to accommodate your back's curved position.
肌肉也緊繃著去迎合彎曲的背部。
This hunched shape also shrinks your chest cavity while you sit,
駝背坐著同時也縮小了你胸腔的空間，
meaning your lungs have less space to expand into when you breath.
這意味著，呼吸時肺部舒張沒有足夠的空間。
That's a problem because it temporarily limits the amount of oxygen that fills your lungs and filters into your blood.
這樣就形成了一個問題，因為它暫時性地限制了填充肺部和濾進血液里的氧氣容量。
Around the skeleton are the muscles, nerves, arteries and veins that form the body's soft tissue layers.
骨架的周圍都是肌肉，神經，和動靜脈，形成了人體的軟組織層。
The very act of sitting squashes, pressurizes and compresses, and these more delicate tissues really feel the brunt.
這種坐姿，無時無刻不在向身體施加壓力，而這些更為精細的組織真實地感受到了這種沖擊。
Have you ever experienced numbness and swelling in your limbs when you sit?
當你久坐的時候，你有過四肢腫脹或者肢體麻木的感覺嗎？
In areas that are the most compressed, your nerves, arteries and veins can become blocked,
這是因為在那些被擠壓的最厲害的部位，你的神經，動脈和血管會慢慢堵塞，
which limits nerve signaling, causing the numbness, and reduces blood flow in your limbs, causing them to swell.
這阻斷了神經信號的傳導，引起麻木；并且這種堵塞減緩了你肢體中血液流動的速度，使你四肢腫脹。
Sitting for long periods also temporarily deactivates lipoprotein lipase,
同時，長時間的坐著會導致脂蛋白脂肪酶暫時性失效，
a special enzyme in the walls of blood capillaries that breaks down fats in the blood,
這是一種存在于毛細血管壁中降低血液中脂肪含量的一種特殊酵素。
so when you sit, you're not burning fat nearly as well as when you move around.
所以當你坐著的時候，你的體內幾乎沒有像你活動時那樣分解脂肪。
What effect does all of this stasis have on the brain?
這種停滯和郁積對人的大腦又有什么影響呢？
