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Let us now take a closer look at two of Greece's most important cities: Sparta and Athens.
現在讓我們仔細看看希臘兩個最重要的城市：斯巴達和雅典。
We already know something about the Spartans: they were Dorians, who, when they arrived in Greece, in around 1,100 BC,
我們已經了解了一些關于斯巴達人的事：他們是多里安人，他們在公元前1100年來到希臘，
enslaved the former inhabitants and put them to work on the land.
征服了當地居民并讓他們在田地上勞作。
But the slaves outnumbered their masters,
但是這些奴仆們在數量上比他們的主人斯巴達人多，
and the danger of rebellion meant that the Spartans had to be constantly on the alert lest they find themselves homeless again.
所以斯巴達人必須經常留心以免他們又無家可歸。
They only had one aim in life: to be fighting fit, ready to crush any uprising by their slaves, and to protect themselves from the surrounding peoples still at liberty.
他們只有一個生活目標：為戰斗而變強壯，準備鎮壓他們奴仆發動的任何起義，提防四周尚還自由的各民族。
And they really did think of nothing else. Their lawgiver, Lycurgus, had already seen to that.
他們也確實心無旁騖。他們的立法家利庫爾戈斯就已經注意到這件事。
A Spartan baby that appeared weak, and unlikely to grow up to be a warrior, was killed at birth.
如果一個斯巴達人的孩子出生，孩子看上去身體虛弱，將來服不了兵役，那么人們就迅速處死這個孩子。
A strong infant had to be made stronger.
一個強壯的孩子就必須越長越強壯。
From a very young age he must train from dawn till dusk, learn to endure pain, hunger and cold, must eat poorly and be denied all pleasure.
從很小的時候他必須從早到晚訓練，學會忍受痛苦、饑餓和寒冷，吃劣等的飲食，不可以從事任何消遣娛樂活動。
