評論
打印
Beginning, at the very beginning it was the third election of the United States
這是在美國建立后不久的美國的第三屆大選
with J. Adams versus Thomas Jefferson and you can see in the electoral college
亞當斯和杰斐遜角逐總統，你可以看到選舉團投票情況
How geographically structured it was
的地理分布
New England, some of the middle Atlantic states versus the south Pennsylvania
新英格蘭地區，部分大西洋中部地區以及南賓夕法尼亞地區的州
Are In the middle of that swing position
投給了亞當斯
And we'll find many times in the American history when we have had geographical polarization
我們在美國歷史上找到很多次這樣的循環，地理分化在某個時期出現之后
And in other periods disappeared
又在某個時期消失
It both back and forth and new pattern emerged
在這樣的重復往返中，新的地理劃分模式出現
Very interesting way to look at the issue why red and blue?
這是個很有意思的問題，為什么常用紅色和藍色來表示兩黨呢?
Doesn't have to be
其實不一定的
In fact, before 2000 it wasn't, it often wasn't different colors were used
在00年之前還沒有形成這個習慣，不同的顏色都被使用過
sometimes blue was used for Republicans and red for Democrats as in this map in 1984
有的時候也會用藍色表示共和黨，紅色表示民主黨，正如這幅1984大選地圖所示
and I should mention this wonderful Internet source
我要介紹一個非常好用的網絡資源
Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S Presidential Election it's on the syllabus
Dave Leip的美國總統大選地圖集，你們的課程摘要上也有寫的
I would highly recommend that you spend sometime with it
我強烈推薦你們花點時間
you can even join in and get some extra goodness out of the site
訪問一下這個網站，獲取一些額外的信息
wonderful array of maps that Dave Leip has put together
上面有很多Dave leip合成的很好的地圖
he started this before 2000 and he mapped it with Republicans as blue and Democrats as red
在2000年之前Dave Leip用藍色表示共和黨，紅色表示民主黨
people read it all the time saying it's confusing change it
讀者們都說這看起來很容易讓人混淆，改改吧
"I started doing it long time ago, why should I go back and change all of my maps"
Dave說我很久之前就開始制作這些地圖了，難道要我把以前做的所有地圖都改了?
well, for your benefit when I have use his maps I have made the change
不過為了讓你們看得明白，我把我課堂上用的地圖都改過來了（紅為共和黨藍為民主黨）
so otherwise, I think it would be a bit confusing
否則，我擔心你們會覺得會很混亂
but actually in this fair election 1984,
但在這場1984年
Reagan vs Mondale David Brinkley on the nightly news
里根和蒙代爾之間的大選中，評論家大衛·布林克里在晚間新聞中
describe the Untied States the map of the Untied States as a sea of blue
把這幅反映美國選情的地圖戲稱為一片藍色的海洋
by that he meant Republican voting pattern
也就是共和黨贏得了大選
and you can certainly see at the county level oh, yes in deed, sea of blue
當我們把焦點放在縣一級時，也的確是一片藍色的海洋
even in the bay area you see as much blue as red there
即使是在舊金山灣區域，藍色也和紅色不相上下
and actually there were some people on the conservatives side of the political spectrum don't like the fact that
事實上很多政界中的保守派都不太喜歡
we now associate the Republican with red and the Democrats with blue
我們現在用紅色表示共和黨，用藍色表示民主黨
the argument being that red is the color of socialism shouldn't we put it other way around
有人說紅色是代表社會主義的顏色，我們是不是該換個顏色呢?
Their had been arguments
雖然不少人對此有異議
but by in large the conservatives have made peace with it
不過大部分保守派人士還是忍受了這種做法
and actually you can find interesting blogs
事實上你可以在網上找到很多有趣的博客
like red state blog and whole number of different sites that embraced the term red state
例如紅色州博客以及各種各樣類似的網頁，它們都接受紅色代表支持共和黨的做法
when we look at Canada, the map of Canada though however, we're finding still the convention is to put the conservatives with blue
如果你研究加拿大的大選地圖，你會發現他們仍習慣于用藍色來表示保守派
you can see how conservative Alberta is and liberals in various shades of reds
由此你可以看出艾伯塔省有多保守，自由派則用不同深淺的紅色來表示
pink if they are not quite so strongly voting
例如，粉紅色則表示其支持率不高
here we have the parti Quebecois in a sort of blue, green color
我們看到魁北克黨是用藍綠色來表示的
a little more complicated as far as its party structure goes
這是由它較為復雜的黨組織結構決定的
