評論
打印
Chapter 1
第一章
I confess that when first I made acquaintance with Charles Strickland I never for a moment discerned that there was in him anything out of the ordinary. Yet now few will be found to deny his greatness. I do not speak of that greatness which is achieved by the fortunate politician or the successful soldier; that is a quality which belongs to the place he occupies rather than to the man; and a change of circumstances reduces it to very discreet proportions. The Prime Minister out of office is seen, too often, to have been but a pompous rhetorician, and the General without an army is but the tame hero of a market town. The greatness of Charles Strickland was authentic. It may be that you do not like his art, but at all events you can hardly refuse it the tribute of your interest. He disturbs and arrests. The time has passed when he was an object of ridicule, and it is no longer a mark of eccentricity to defend or of perversity to extol him. His faults are accepted as the necessary complement to his merits. It is still possible to discuss his place in art, and the adulation of his admirers is perhaps no less capricious than the disparagement of his detractors; but one thing can never be doubtful, and that is that he had genius. To my mind the most interesting thing in art is the personality of the artist; and if that is singular, I am willing to excuse a thousand faults. I suppose Velasquez was a better painter than El Greco, but custom stales one's admiration for him: the Cretan, sensual and tragic, proffers the mystery of his soul like a standing sacrifice. The artist, painter, poet, or musician, by his decoration, sublime or beautiful, satisfies the aesthetic sense; but that is akin to the sexual instinct, and shares its barbarity: he lays before you also the greater gift of himself. To pursue his secret has something of the fascination of a detective story. It is a riddle which shares with the universe the merit of having no answer. The most insignificant of Strickland's works suggests a personality which is strange, tormented, and complex; and it is this surely which prevents even those who do not like his pictures from being indifferent to them; it is this which has excited so curious an interest in his life and character.
老實說，我剛剛認識查理斯·思特里克蘭德的時候，從來沒注意到這個人有什么與眾不同的地方，但是今天卻很少有人不承認他的偉大了。我所謂的偉大不是走紅運的政治家或是立戰功的軍人的偉大；這種人顯赫一時，與其說是他們本身的特質倒不如說沾了他們地位的光，一旦事過境遷，他們的偉大也就黯然失色了。人們常常發現一位離了職的首相當年只不過是個大言不慚的演說家；一個解甲歸田的將軍無非是個平淡乏味的市井英雄。但是查理斯·思特里克蘭德的偉大卻是真正的偉大。你可能不喜歡他的藝術，但無論如何你不能不對它感到興趣。他的作品使你不能平靜，扣緊你的心弦。思特里克蘭德受人挪揄譏嘲的時代已經過去了，為他辯護或甚至對他贊譽也不再被看作是某些人的奇行怪癖了。他的瑕疵在世人的眼中已經成為他的優點的必不可少的派生物。他在藝術史上的地位盡可以繼續爭論。崇拜者對他的贊頌同貶抑者對他的詆毀固然都可能出于偏頗和任性，但是有一點是不容置疑的，那就是他具有天才。在我看來，藝術中最令人感興趣的就是藝術家的個性；如果藝術家賦有獨特的性格，盡管他有一千個缺點，我也可以原諒。我料想，委拉斯凱茲【迪埃戈·羅德里蓋斯·德·西爾瓦·委拉斯凱茲（1599—1660），西班牙畫家】是個比埃爾·格列柯【埃爾·格列柯（1541—1614？），西班牙畫家，生于克里特島】更高超的畫家，可是由于所見過多，卻使我們感到他的繪畫有些乏味。而那位克里特島畫家的作品卻有一種肉欲和悲劇性的美，仿佛作為永恒的犧牲似地把自己靈魂的秘密呈獻出來。一個藝術家——畫家也好，詩人也好，音樂家也好，用他的崇高的或者美麗的作品把世界裝點起來，滿足了人們的審美意識，但這也同人類的性本能不無相似的地方，都有其粗野狂暴的一面。在把作品奉獻給世人的同時，藝術家也把他個人的偉大才能呈現到你眼前。探索一個藝術家的秘密頗有些閱讀偵探小說的迷人勁兒。這個奧秘同大自然極相似，其妙處就在于無法找到答案。思特里克蘭德的最不足道的作品也使你模糊看到他的奇特、復雜、受著折磨的性格；那些不喜歡他的繪畫的人之所以不能對他漠不關心，肯定是因為這個原因。也正是這一點，使得那么多人對他的生活和性格充滿了好奇心和濃厚的興趣。
