評(píng)論
打印
The skepticism of modern science about the thingliness of things implies a new appreciation of the humanity of art entirely consistent with Kandinsky's observation in On the Spiritual in Art that beautiful art "springs from inner need, which springs from the soul." Modern art opens on a world whose reality is not "out there" in nature defined as things seen from a middle distance but "in here" in the soul or the mind. It is a world radically emptied of history because it is a form of perception rather than a content.
現(xiàn)代科學(xué)對(duì)世界萬物的客觀實(shí)在性的懷疑意味著對(duì)藝術(shù)的性質(zhì)需重新評(píng)價(jià)，這與康定斯基在《論藝術(shù)中的精神因素》一書中對(duì)美的藝術(shù)所作的評(píng)價(jià)是十分吻合的。他說，美的藝術(shù)是"發(fā)自人的靈魂深處的需要"。現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)所描繪的并不是用眼睛看到的物質(zhì)世界的客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)，而是人的內(nèi)心世界所反映的現(xiàn)實(shí)。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代藝術(shù)所描繪的世界不是客觀存在的物質(zhì)世界，而是人的內(nèi)心世界，所以，它是一個(gè)完全喪失了歷史的世界。
The disappearance of history is thus a liberation--what Madame Buffet-Picabia refers to as the discovery of "a mobile extra-human plasticity which is absolutely new." Like science, modern art often expresses this feeling of liberation through play-in painting in the playfulness of Picasso and Joan Miro and in poetry in the nonsense of Dada and the mock heroics of a poem like Wallace Stevens's "The Comedian as the Letter C."
因此，歷史的消失是一種解放--即布菲皮卡比阿夫人所謂的"一種全新的、靈活的、超出人的理解力的可塑性"的發(fā)現(xiàn)。像科學(xué)一樣，現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)往往也是通過玩耍的方式來表達(dá)這種思想解放的--在繪畫藝術(shù)方面是通過畢加索和瓊·米羅的玩耍性作品，在詩歌藝術(shù)方面是通過達(dá)達(dá)派的朦朧詩以及諸如華萊士·斯蒂文斯的《C字母一樣的喜劇演員》一類的滑稽史詩。
The playfulness of the modern aesthetic is, finally, its most striking--and also its most serious and, by corollary, its most disturbing--feature. The playfulness imitates the playfulness of science that produces game theory and virtual particles and black holes and that, by introducing human growth genes into cows, forces students of ethics to reexamine the definition of cannibalism.
現(xiàn)代美學(xué)的玩耍性說到底是其最突出的，也是最嚴(yán)肅的，而必然地也是最令人不安的特征。這種玩耍性是模仿產(chǎn)生了博奕論、虛構(gòu)粒子和黑洞的科學(xué)的荒誕性。這種科學(xué)的玩耍性還通過把人的生長基因植入牛體，迫使倫理學(xué)的研究者重新審定食人肉的習(xí)性的定義。
