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Well, crime and murder go back a very very long way
犯罪和謀殺在文學上可以
in literature of course.
追溯很遠
You have hardly started reading the Bible, for instance,
比如，你沒有讀到該隱謀殺亞伯的故事
before you come up on the story of Cain murdering Abel.
就不能說你讀過，圣經
Greek drama is packed with homicide.
希臘戲劇更是充斥著謀殺
But of course you couldn't really call the Bible
但是我們并不能把，圣經
or the Book of Genesis the first detective story,
或是，創世紀，當作第一本偵探小說
because what is crucially missing is the mystery element.
因為它們缺少最重要的神秘元素
You don't need to search for motive, means and opportunity
你不需要尋找作案動機和作案時機來確定
to be certain that it was Cain who killed Abel.
是該隱殺了亞伯
You don't need to be Sherlock Holmes or Hercule Poirot
你不需要夏洛克·福爾摩斯或者赫丘勒·白羅
or even God to be absolutely certain that he was the criminal.
也不需要上帝，就能確定他就是兇手
I mean there is hardly a wide range of suspects.
我的意思是并不存在大量的嫌疑對象
For one thing, there is hardly anybody around.
可以說幾乎就沒有他人在場
When it comes to concealing of the crime,
在隱藏犯罪事實的問題上
Cain has an awful lot to learn really
我認為該隱應該好好地
from subsequent criminals, I think.
向后來的殺人犯們學習
It's a similar state refers we agree Tragedy.
我們認為希臘戲劇存在同樣的問題
I mean that is not usually any obscurity about
在希臘戲劇中
who committed the murder in Greek dramaor why they did it.
謀殺者通常是身份明確，動機明確
The emphasis tends to fall on the consequences of the crime
其重點一般傾向落腳于
for the perpetrator of it or for the state in general.
兇案對行兇者或是國家造成的影響
The who done it element with all its component apparatus,
尋兇要素與它的所有"零部件"
red herrings, clues, suspects with wonky alibis and so on,
干擾信息，線索，不可信的嫌疑人等
it's something that is much more recent.
出現的時間要晚的多
And it seems to me that like a lot of excellent literary things
而在我看來，與其他優秀的文學作品一樣
Crime fiction really began in the 19th century.
犯罪小說真正發源于19世紀
There is a lot of disagreement
關于哪本小說
as to which book could claimed to be the first detective story.
可以稱作第一本偵探小說存在很多分歧
But is generally agreed that the period when the who done it form emerged
但是普遍認為，誰是真兇形式出現的時間
was around the middle of the 19th century.
大約是19世紀中葉
And if you are interested in this,
如果你們對此感興趣
there is a particularly good book that appeared this year is
朱迪斯·弗蘭德斯今年寫了一本
by Judith Flanders, and it is called The Invention of Murder.
非常好的書，名叫，謀殺的發明
And the subtitle is
副標題是
How the Victorians Revelled in Death and Detection
維多利亞時代如何癡迷于死亡和偵查
and Created Modern Crime.
并如何發明了現代犯罪
I think that subtitle should really read
我覺得副標題應該是
How the Victorian Revelled in Death and Detection
維多利亞時代如何癡迷于死亡和偵查
and Created Crime Fiction.
并如何發明了犯罪小說
Because what the book shows you is the way
因為書中寫的是
that the crime novel as we now are aware of it started slowly to
由于19世紀人們對犯罪的迷戀
pull itself out of a fascination with crime during the 19th century.
為我們所知的犯罪小說如何開始慢慢地興起
Judith Flanders shows you very brilliantly, very copiously documents,
朱迪斯·弗蘭德斯提供了豐富精彩的文件
the 19th century fascination with real life murder cases.
它們展示了十九世紀人們對真實兇殺案的癡迷
The very lured newspaper reports of crimes and executions,
報紙的吸引力來自與犯罪和處決相關的報道
the glory plays and ballads,
著名的戲劇和歌謠
they were written about the victims and about the murderers.
寫的是受害人與兇手的故事
And in the latest section of the book, she suggests
她在本書的最后一章說明了
how this started to be refined into the detective novel.
這些犯罪內容如何開始提煉成偵探小說的
Because what she shows you, of course,
顯然，她所表達的是
is the Victorians weren't just fascinated by crime.
維多利亞時代的人們不僅僅癡迷于犯罪
They were fascinated by investigation into crime
他們還癡迷于對犯罪的調查
and by the new phenomenon of the detective policeman.
和作為新鮮事物的偵探
