1. range from ... to ... 范圍從···到···

例句：These characters ranged from elves to Gods to goats, but there are two of particular interest to the modern story.
這些角色的范圍從精靈到神、到山羊都有，但對現(xiàn)代故事來說，其中有兩個特別重要。

2. isconcerned with 與···相關(guān)，有關(guān)聯(lián)

例句：Traditionally he is less concerned with children and gifts than he is with food and wine and celebration and is perhaps best known for being one of the three spirits of Christmas who terrorize Scrooge.[qh]
傳統(tǒng)上，他跟孩子們及禮物的關(guān)系，還不及于他和食物、美酒和慶典的關(guān)系，而且也許他最出名的身分可能是三個圣誕節(jié)精靈之中，會恐嚇Scrooge(吝嗇鬼)的那一個。

3. evolved into 演變成

例句：In the old world these were different characters, but in the new world over time they evolved into one which you can see happening in older stories.
在舊世界(歐亞非大陸)這些是不同的角色，但在新世界(美洲大陸)，他們隨著時間合而為一，你可以在較古老的故事中目睹。

4. in turn 反過來

例句：This American Santa in turn influenced his relations in Northern Europe to become more like him, although not always to the pleasure of the locals.
這個美國版圣誕老人反過來影響了他在北歐的親戚們，讓他們變得更像他，雖然當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬⒎强偸菍Υ烁械介_心。

5. refer to 涉及;指的是;適用于;參考

例句：The American response is that the North Pole doesn't refer to the obviously inhospitable sheet of non-domestic ice but rather to the little town of North Pole, Alaska. Denmark claims he lives in their former colony of Greenland.
所以加拿大聲稱他的工作坊是在Nunavut某處，并提供圣誕老人一個郵遞區(qū)號，還有，沒在開玩笑，正式的加拿大公民身分。美方的回應(yīng)是，北極指的并不是明顯荒涼、不適宜居住的冰層，而是阿拉斯加的一個小鎮(zhèn)，North Pole鎮(zhèn)。丹麥聲稱他住在他們的前殖民地格陵蘭。