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You should also be cautious of supplements
同時(shí)，還應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)那些
manufactured outside of the US,
美國之外生產(chǎn)的補(bǔ)品謹(jǐn)慎些
according to the Mayo clinic, toxic ingredients
據(jù)梅約診所說，一些有毒的成分
and prescription medications have been found
和處方類藥物已經(jīng)在
in some supplements
在一些中發(fā)現(xiàn)了
that were manufactured internationally.
而這些補(bǔ)品就產(chǎn)于國外
Unlike drugs, supplements have no governmental
和藥物不同，補(bǔ)品沒有官方
standards for ensuring safety, effectiveness
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來規(guī)范其安全性，有效性
and quality. They are also not approved
以及質(zhì)量，這些補(bǔ)品也未
by the FDA. There has been
獲得FDA批準(zhǔn)
insufficient scientific research
這方面的研究不足
to demonstrate efficacy of ingredients,
很難證明營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的效力
appropriate doses, potential side effects
合適的劑量，可能的副作用
and long term consequences of supplement use.
以及長(zhǎng)期服用補(bǔ)品的后遺癥
In most cases the active ingredient is not known
大多數(shù)情況下，活性成分是未知的
and in fact several ingredients may function together
事實(shí)上幾種營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分也許會(huì)同時(shí)起作用
to generate a response. Because the complexity
引發(fā)反應(yīng)，因?yàn)檫@些問題非常復(fù)雜
of these issues a scientific understanding
要達(dá)到一種科學(xué)的理解
of supplement mode of action and biological effects
如了解補(bǔ)品的作用方式，生物效應(yīng)
is inadequate, therefore caution is recommended
是很難做到的，因此給大家的建議就是謹(jǐn)慎
when purchasing and using herbal supplements.
購買和使用草藥補(bǔ)品時(shí)一定要謹(jǐn)慎
One mechanism through which many supplements
許多補(bǔ)品會(huì)通過一種方式
may impact health is by acting as antioxidants.
影響健康，那就是充當(dāng)抗氧化劑
Oxidation is a natural event in the human body
氧化是人體的一種自然現(xiàn)象
in which oxygen interacts with other molecules
氧化過程中氧氣會(huì)和其他分子互相作用
and in turn causes them to be damaged.
但會(huì)使得這些分子受損
Common targets for oxidation include lipids
通常氧化的目標(biāo)包括脂質(zhì)
and membranes, DNA molecule and proteins.
細(xì)胞膜 DNA分子和蛋白質(zhì)
The body has many defense systems in place
身體各部分有很多防御體系
to protect from oxidative damage.
來避免氧化性損傷
These antioxidants include enzymes and kelaytors
這些抗氧化劑包括酶
that remove oxygen containing molecules
它們可以去除含氧分子
and repair damage.
并且修復(fù)損傷
Many plants contain natural antioxidants as well
許多植物也含有自然的抗氧化物
which do protect the plant cells.
但這種抗氧化劑會(huì)保護(hù)植物細(xì)胞
Here's a list of some supplements
這個(gè)列表上的補(bǔ)品
that are considered to be unsafe;
一般認(rèn)為是不安全的
kava kava for instance can cause liver damage
例如卡瓦藥會(huì)引起肝損傷
and comfrey can cause liver damage as well.
紫草科植物也會(huì)引起肝損傷
Lobelia is potentially toxic
半邊蓮也許是有毒的
and bonds to nicotine receptors in the body
會(huì)凝固體內(nèi)的尼古丁受體
and can have a nicotine effect on its users.
會(huì)對(duì)服用者產(chǎn)生尼古丁影響
Products derived from animal brain or nerve products
來自動(dòng)物大腦或者神經(jīng)的產(chǎn)品
may also contain preons that cause mad cow disease.
也許含有一些會(huì)引發(fā)瘋牛病的元素
All the supplements listed here on the slide
這兒列出的所有補(bǔ)品
should be avoided.
都不應(yīng)該服用
Individuals taking various medications
服用各種藥物的人
should also avoid herbal supplements
應(yīng)當(dāng)避免草藥補(bǔ)品
due to possible interactions
因?yàn)檠a(bǔ)品中的活性成分與藥物
between the active ingredients and the medication.
可能會(huì)相互作用
According to the Mayo clinic if the medical treatment
梅約診所申明，如果患者
is available for your condition
有條件接受醫(yī)療
then you should stick to the medical treatment
那么患者應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持醫(yī)治
instead of turning to an herbal supplement
而不是使用草藥補(bǔ)品
and it's less likely to have adverse side effects.
因?yàn)橹委熀苌贂?huì)引起不良的副作用
If you're pregnant or breast feeding
如果是孕婦或者哺乳期婦女
you should also avoid herbal supplements.
也應(yīng)避免使用草藥補(bǔ)品
This is because what is good for the mom
因?yàn)閷?duì)媽媽有益的
may not be good for the fetus or the baby.
不一定對(duì)胎兒或小寶寶有益
You should also avoid any supplements
另一種情況下也應(yīng)當(dāng)避免用補(bǔ)品
if you are having surgery.
那就是手術(shù)期間
If you are younger than 18 years or older than 65
18歲以下或者65歲以上的人
you should avoid these supplements as well
也不宜服用補(bǔ)品
due to the fact that older adults
因?yàn)槔夏耆?/div>
metabolize medicines differently
對(duì)藥物的新陳代謝不同
and because there has not been enough research
而且沒有足夠的研究表明
done for appropriate dose amounts
應(yīng)服用多少劑量的補(bǔ)品
and safety of herbal supplements on children.
同時(shí)草藥對(duì)未成年人的影響還不確定
A supplement is intended to supplement the diet.
補(bǔ)品是用來補(bǔ)充膳食的
The main feature of a supplement
補(bǔ)品的主要特征是
is that it is very different from a food.
它不同于食物
It contains one or more ingredients
它含有一種或多種養(yǎng)分
such as a vitamin, mineral, botanical or herb
例如維他命，礦物質(zhì)，植物性藥材或草藥
and is intended to be taken orally in pill,
一般是口服，有丸劑
capsule, liquid or tablet form.
膠囊劑，液體劑或片劑等形式
Supplements are not regulated by the FDA
補(bǔ)品不在FDA的管理之下
and cannot be guaranteed safe.
其安全性也沒法保證
The best way to get vitamins and minerals
攝取維他命和礦物質(zhì)的最好方式是
is to eat a healthy and balanced diet
飲食健康均衡
full of a variety of brightly colored foods.
多食用顏色鮮艷的食物
