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William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States, serving between 1909 and 1913. He was also the tenth Chief Justice of the United States and the only person to have served in both offices. He was born in 1857, the son of a distinguished judge. He graduated from Yale and practiced law in Cincinnati. Hequickly rose in politics via judiciary appointments made by the Republicans.
威廉·霍華德·塔夫脫是美國第27任總統(tǒng)，任期為1909-1913。他還曾經(jīng)是第十任最高法院大法官，他也是美國迄今為止唯一一個擔(dān)任過總統(tǒng)和首席大法官這兩個職務(wù)的人。出生于1857年，他的父親是一名著名的法官。塔夫脫畢業(yè)于耶魯大學(xué)，并在辛辛那提從事律師行業(yè)。共和黨人通過司法任命，使得塔夫脫在政治上順風(fēng)順?biāo)?/p>
Taft was appointed a federal circuit judge at 34. From 1901 to 1903, he served as the first civilian Governor-General of the Philippines. While in this opposition he turned down the offer of a seat on the Supreme Court. In 1904, President Roosevelt appointed Taft as Secretary of War, which meant he could remain involved in the Philippines. He also dealt with a revolt in Cuba in 1906.
34歲時，塔夫脫任命為聯(lián)邦上訴法院第六巡回區(qū)法官。1901-1903年，他擔(dān)任了菲律賓總督，這也是駐菲律賓的首位總督。處于反對，塔夫脫拒絕了在最高法院獲得席位。1904年，羅斯福總統(tǒng)任命塔夫脫為陸軍部部長，這就意味著他仍然處理菲律賓事務(wù)。1906年，他還解決了在古巴的反抗事件。
In 1908, the Republican Convention nominated him as their presidential candidate. He won the first election of his career by a comfortable margin. As President, he initiated 80 anti-trust suits; amendments for a federal income tax; the direct election of senators; and a postal savings system. He also pursued "Dollar Diplomacy" in the less-developed nations of Latin America and Asia.
1908年，共和黨大會推舉他為總統(tǒng)候選人。他贏得了生涯中的第一次選舉，這次選舉他的優(yōu)勢非常明顯。作為總統(tǒng)，他發(fā)起了80項反托拉斯訴訟；并修正了聯(lián)邦所得稅法；參議院直接選舉法；以及建立郵政儲蓄體系。他還敦促與拉丁美洲以及亞洲的欠不發(fā)達(dá)國家建立“金元外交”。
Despite Taft’s hard work, he alienated many in his party. He defended an act which continued high tariffs;a trade agreement with Canada failed, and his team was accused of failing to carry out Roosevelt's conservation policies. He lost the next election and became Chief Justice of the USA. He was so happy with this post that just before he died in 1930, he wrote: "I don't remember that I ever was President."
盡管塔夫脫勤勤懇懇，但是他卻疏遠(yuǎn)了自己的黨內(nèi)人士。他支持了一項擁有高額關(guān)稅的議案；與加拿大的貿(mào)易合作泡湯，人們指責(zé)他的團(tuán)隊沒有施行羅斯福總統(tǒng)的保護(hù)主義政策。他沒有在第二次的總統(tǒng)選舉中成功連任，之后擔(dān)任了美國首席大法官。他死于1930年，在這之前他說他非常滿意這個職務(wù)，他寫道：“我不記得我曾經(jīng)是一位總統(tǒng)”。
譯文屬可可英語原創(chuàng)，未經(jīng)允許，不得轉(zhuǎn)載。
