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James Monroe was born in Virginia in 1758. He was America's fifth President and the last who was a Founding Father of the U.S.A. He inherited his father's plantation and fortune when he was 16. In 1776 Monroe dropped out of college to join the Army. He returned to academic life from 1780 to 1783 to study law under Thomas Jefferson. He felt a legal career would offer him "the most immediate rewards".
詹姆斯·門羅于1758年出生在弗吉尼亞州。他是美國第五任總統，同時也是美國最后一位開國元勛。他16歲時繼承了父親的農場和財富。1776年，門羅輟學從軍。1780年至1783年，他又重返學術生活，在托馬斯·杰斐遜的門下學習法律。他認為律師職業能給予他“最直接的回報”。
In 1782, Monroe was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served in the Continental Congress between 1783 and 1786. As a youthful politician, he joined the anti-Federalists in the Virginia Convention which ratified the Constitution. In 1790, he was elected as a United States Senator. He served as Minister to France from 1794 to 1796 and helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.
1782年，門羅被選為弗吉尼亞州眾議院代表，1783年至1786年，他任職于美國大陸會議。在弗吉尼亞州大會上，他加入了反聯邦黨人一派，當時他還是位年輕的政治家。1790年，他被選為美國參議員。1794年至1796年，他擔任駐法公使，并協助談判路易斯安那購買案。
His ambition and energy, together with the backing of President Madison, made him the Republican choice for the Presidency in 1816 and he was easily elected with little opposition. The Federalist opposition collapsed in disarray towards the end of his first term in office and he won re-election unopposed in 1820 for a second term as President.
他的野心、精力，以及麥迪遜總統的支持，使他成為了1816年共和黨總統的首選。后來，他以絕對優勢當選為美國總統。在他的第一個任期即將結束時，聯邦反對黨陷入了一片混亂。1820年，他又以極大優勢獲得美國總統的連任。
Monroe made strong Cabinet choices, naming a Southerner, John C. Calhoun, as Secretary of War, and a northerner, John Quincy Adams, as Secretary of State. In 1823 Monroe introduced a policy warning against European intervention in the Americas. Twenty years after he died in 1831, this became known as the Monroe Doctrine. It is still used by modern-day presidents.
門羅組建了一個強有力的內閣班子，他任命南方人約翰·卡德威爾·卡爾霍恩為美國戰爭部長，北方人約翰·昆西·亞當斯為美國國務卿。1823年，門羅發出政治警告，反對歐洲干涉美洲事務。門羅去世（1831年）20年后，這個政治警告被稱為“門羅主義”。至今，“門羅主義”依然是美國總統的指南。
譯文屬可可英語原創，未經允許，不得轉載。
