評(píng)論
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The young Alexander campaigned brilliantly for a total of ten years, until he had defeated the whole of the Persian Empire.
年輕的亞歷山大十年征戰(zhàn)，戰(zhàn)功顯赫，最終征服了整個(gè)波斯帝國(guó)。他顯然是個(gè)充滿魄力的人。
What drove him on? We asked the leading expert on Alexander, Robin Lane Fox:
但他不斷前進(jìn)的動(dòng)力何在？我們?cè)儐?wèn)了研究亞歷山大的著名專家羅賓雷恩?？怂梗?/div>
"Alexander was driven by the heroic ideals that befitted a Macedonian king, ruling over Macedonians, the ideals of personal glory, prowess.
做個(gè)稱職的馬其頓國(guó)王、統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全馬其頓的英雄式理想以及實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人榮耀、表現(xiàn)個(gè)人英勇的理想，都不斷驅(qū)策著亞歷山大。
He was driven by a wish to reach the edge of the world, in his case first the eastern edge, denied by his men in India.
想到達(dá)世界盡頭的愿望也驅(qū)策著他。此外還有想超過(guò)自己父親腓力二世的愿望。
He was driven by a wish to excel forever his father Philip, who was a man of significance, but pales almost to a shadow beside Alexander's global reputation."
腓力二世確實(shí)是一位出色的國(guó)王，但與亞歷山大的偉業(yè)相比，就顯得暗淡無(wú)光了。
Alexander's victories didn't just depend on his armies.
亞歷山大的成就不止依靠軍隊(duì)取得。
They needed money-and lots of it.
軍隊(duì)需要費(fèi)用，大量費(fèi)用。
Luckily his father Philip had conquered the rich gold and silver mines of Thrace, the area that straddles the modern borders of Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey, and that financed the early campaigns.
腓力二世早已占領(lǐng)了橫跨如今希臘、保加利亞和土耳其的色雷斯地區(qū)，那里蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的金銀礦。
But this inheritance was later swelled by the enormous wealth he captured in Persia, and Alexander's imperial conquests were bankrolled by nearly five million kilos of Persian gold.
這些貴金屬成為亞歷山大早期戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源。而在征服了波斯之后，他財(cái)富大增:他從波斯掠走了約五百萬(wàn)公斤的黃金。
With irresistible force, huge wealth and enormous charisma, it's no wonder that Alexander became a legend, seeming to be more than mortal, literally superhuman.
擁有百戰(zhàn)百勝的軍隊(duì)、巨額財(cái)富和巨大的領(lǐng)袖魅力，亞歷山大自然成了傳奇。
And for many, he was just that.
他不再是一個(gè)凡人，而是幾近神祗。
In one of his early campaigns in Egypt, he visited the oracle of the god Amon, and there the oracle named him not just the rightful pharaoh of Egypt, but a god.
在早期征服埃及的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，他曾向阿蒙神尋求神諭，神諭稱他為法老和天神。
He left the oracle with the title "son of Zeus Amon"-and that explains the characteristic ram's horns on images of him, like the one on our coin.
離開神示所后，他便擁有了“宙斯阿蒙之子”的稱號(hào)，因而他的頭像上會(huì)有標(biāo)志性的公羊角，如我們?cè)阢y幣上看到的一樣。
