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When we remember something, the neurons in our brains communicate with each other in a particular way.
我們在記憶一些事情的時候，大腦里的神經元會以一種特殊的方式進行交流。
The chemical and sometimes even structural changes that occur create a pathway called a memory trace.
這種化學物質的結構時而發生變化產生一種叫“記憶痕跡”的路徑。
Signals traveling along these traces are what allow us to remember things.
信號通過這些路徑傳輸，這樣我們就可以記住事情了。
When the chemical changes first occur, they create short term memory, or things we remember for only a brief time.
化學物質最初發生變化時，就制造出短期記憶或是一些我們只能記很短時間的事情。
But short-term memory can become long term memory if the memory trace is activated enough so that it creates a long-term pathway in the brain.
如果記憶痕跡足夠活躍在大腦里制造出一條長期路徑的話，短期記憶可以變成長期。
This process is called consolidation.
這個過程叫加強。
When something interrupts the memory-storage process–like a hard knock to the head–newly formed memories aren't stored for the long run and you can't remember things that just happened.
當記憶儲存的過程被打斷—就像頭被狠狠的敲擊。新形成的記憶就不會持續很久，所以就不能記住剛剛發生的事情。
This is called anterogradeamnesia.
這叫作順行性遺忘癥。
Retrograde amnesia which is when you can't recall things from your long term memory either.
逆行性遺忘癥是不記得以前發生的事。
Luckily, in many cases of amnesia memory eventually returns, although the incident that causedamnesia is often never recalled.
幸運的是，在許多健忘癥的案例中，大多數最終都會恢復記憶。雖然引起失憶的原因也通常不記得。
