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If you follow football, hockey, soccer, or boxing, then youknow that athletes in these and other contact sports are at constant risk for a concussion.
如果你喜歡橄欖球、橄欖球、足球或是拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)，那么你就會(huì)很清楚這些以及其他接觸性運(yùn)動(dòng)中的運(yùn)動(dòng)員常處于腦震蕩的危險(xiǎn)境地。
Everyseason several football players miss a number of games after absorbing vicious blows to the head.
每個(gè)賽季都有數(shù)名橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)員由于頭部遭受劇烈沖擊而缺席接下來的一系列賽事。
A concussion is a blow to the head that can result in temporary confusion,amnesia, nausea,dizziness, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness.
腦震蕩是頭部受到撞擊而導(dǎo)致的，可能造成暫時(shí)性思維混亂，失憶，嘔吐，眩暈，視覺模糊以及失去意識(shí)。
Although a single concussion does not appear to result in structural brain damage or swelling ofthe brain, repeated concussions can cause both.
盡管一次腦震蕩不會(huì)導(dǎo)致大腦結(jié)構(gòu)性損傷或?qū)е履X水腫，但是數(shù)次腦震蕩可能引起上述兩種情況同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。
Concussions are caused in one of two ways: either by the head hitting a hard surface, or by thehead spinning suddenly.
造成腦震蕩的原因不外乎是這兩種中的一種：頭部撞到硬物，或者頭部突然旋轉(zhuǎn)。
Take, for example, a common incident during a football game.
以橄欖球賽比較普遍的事件為例，
Thequarterback is hit, falls backwards, and bangs his head on the turf.
四分衛(wèi)觸地得分，朝后方倒下，其頭部就會(huì)猛烈撞擊到草坪上。
Although his skull stops suddenly upon impact, his brain, floating in cerebral fluid, keeps movingand hits the skull.
盡管他的頭骨在受到?jīng)_擊時(shí)瞬間會(huì)保持不動(dòng)，但是他大腦內(nèi)的腦脊液仍然在晃動(dòng)并不斷撞擊頭骨。
Similarly, when a boxer gets hit in the head with a right hook, his head twistsviolently.
同樣的，當(dāng)一名拳擊手頭部受到一記右勾拳時(shí)，他的腦袋瞬間劇烈扭轉(zhuǎn)。
The skull stops moving, but the brain keeps shaking for a few moments and may brushthe skull.
頭骨停止移動(dòng)，但是腦漿卻還會(huì)震動(dòng)一會(huì)兒，并有可能摩擦到頭骨。
The result is a chemical imbalance in the brain.
結(jié)果是腦部化學(xué)失衡。
All the neurotransmitters in the damaged area firesimultaneously, causing an overload of chemicals that impair receptors involved in learning andmemory.
所有受損區(qū)域的神經(jīng)傳遞素同時(shí)作用，造成腦內(nèi)化學(xué)物質(zhì)超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，從而損壞學(xué)習(xí)與記憶的神經(jīng)元。
The flood of chemicals also constricts arteries, making it difficult for the damaged cells toget the nutrients they need to recover.
化學(xué)物質(zhì)過多也會(huì)引起動(dòng)脈收縮，導(dǎo)致大腦受損細(xì)胞難以吸收到利于復(fù)原的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。
Because the brain can take as long as several weeks to recover from a concussion, it's a good ideato take a break from contact sports if you've had one.
由于腦部需要長達(dá)數(shù)周的時(shí)間來恢復(fù)腦震蕩帶來的損傷，如果你腦部受到撞擊最好還是休息一段時(shí)間再繼續(xù)參加此類接觸性運(yùn)動(dòng)。
