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Fans of classic movies will remember the famous dueling banjos scene in Deliverance, the story of four city friends who take an ill-fated boating trip down a backwoods Georgia river.
經典電影的粉絲們不會忘記激流四勇士中著名的班卓琴對決場面,這部電影講述的是四位都市好朋友乘著獨木舟沿著未開墾喬治亞河命運多舛的冒險之旅。
As the friends set out, one of the friends challenges a local boy with a banjo to see who can play faster.
隨著他們旅程的進行,其中一位好朋友用班卓琴挑戰一個當地小男孩,看誰彈奏更快。
At the end of the song the camera zooms in to reveal the boy's diseased, inbred features.
一曲終了之時隨著鏡頭拉近小男孩的天然病態特征暴露無遺。
Such images have contributed to the taboo against marriage between first cousins.
這些影像已經說明了表親結婚導致的禁忌。
Geneticists explain that since closely related persons are more likely to harbor identical genetic mutations, their children have a greater chance of being born with defects.
遺傳學家解釋因為血緣密切相關的人更有可能產生基因突變,他們的孩子有更大可能的先天缺陷風險。
But such risks might be overstated.
但是這樣的危險可能有些言過其實。
According to one study, children from first cousin marriages are only 1.7 to 2.8 percent more likely to be born with serious birth defects than children of conventional marriages.
據一項研究稱,相比傳統婚姻表親結婚生出的孩子僅1.7—2.8%的幾率更可能出現天生的嚴重生理缺陷。
Although the risk is still significant, it is lower than previously thought.
雖然風險仍然可觀,但這比之前所認為的更低。
Prolonged interbreeding in any species can eventually lead to serious birth defects.
任何物種的長時間異血緣交配最終都會造成嚴重的生理缺陷。
Harmful genetic mutations are less likely to appear in large populations where individuals reproduce with random partners due to the wider variety of genetic mutations.
有害的基因突變不太可能出現在由于廣泛的遺傳變異個體間與隨機伴侶繁衍的大群體中。
But in small, isolated populations where inbreeding is common,
但在小型,隔離的群體中,近親繁殖很常見,
there's a greater chance that related partners carry the same mutations.
所以相關伴侶攜帶相同基因突變有更大的幾率。
But harmful effects are more common in groups with a history of interbreeding over several generations.
但有群體異血緣交配史的幾代人有害影響更為常見。
First cousins that are not from such groups run only a slightly greater risk of producing children with birth defects than non-related couples.
表親不屬于這樣的群體，只比結婚夫婦要承擔略大產生缺陷兒童的風險幾率。
Although such risks should not be ignored,
雖然這樣的風險不容忽視,
first cousin marriage is not necessarily a recipe for genetic disaster.
但表親婚姻不一定會導致基因災難。
