行軍篇 NO.6：

杖而立者，饑也；
汲而先飲者，渴也；
見利而不進者，勞也；
鳥集者，虛也；
夜呼者，恐也；
軍擾者，將不重也；
旌旗動者，亂也；
吏怒者，倦也；
殺馬肉食者，軍無糧也；
懸缸不返其舍者，窮寇也；
諄諄翕翕，徐與人言者，失眾也；
數賞者，窘也；
數罰者，困也；
先暴而后畏其眾者，不精之至也；
來委謝者，欲休息也。
兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必謹察之。

這句啥意思：

抵兵倚著兵器而站立的，是饑餓的表現；
供水兵打水自己先飲的，是干渴的表現；
敵人見利而不進兵爭奪的，是疲勞的表現；
敵人營寨上聚集鳥雀的，下面是空營；
敵人夜間驚叫的，是恐慌的表現；
敵營驚擾紛亂的，是敵將沒有威嚴的表現；
旌旗搖動不整齊的，是敵人隊伍已經混亂。
敵人軍官易怒的，是全軍疲倦的表現；
用糧食喂馬，殺馬吃肉，收拾起汲水器具，
部隊不返營房的，是要拼死的窮寇；
低聲下氣同部下講話的，是敵將失去人心；
不斷犒賞士卒的，是敵軍沒有辦法；
不斷懲罰部屬的，是敵人處境困難；
先粗暴然后又害怕部下的，是最不精明的將領；
派來使者送禮言好的，是敵人想休兵息戰；
敵人逞怒同我對陣，但久不交鋒又不撤退的，必須謹慎地觀察他的企圖。

英文這么說：

When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears,they are faint from want of food.
If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves, the army is suffering from thirst.
If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it, the soldiers are exhausted.
If birds gather on any spot, it is unoccupied.
Clamor by night betokens nervousness.
If there is disturbance in the camp, the general's authority is weak.
If the banners and flags are shifted about, sedition is afoot.
If the officers are angry,it means that the men are weary.
When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food,
and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots over the camp-fires, showing that they will not return to their tents, you may know that they are determined to fight to the death.
The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and file.
Too frequent rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of his resources;
Too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress.
To begin by bluster, but afterwards to take fright at the enemy's numbers, shows a supreme lack of intelligence.
When envoys are sent with compliments in their mouths,it is a sign that the enemy wishes for a truce.
If the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours for a long time without either joining battle or taking themselves off again, the situation is one that demands great vigilance and circumspection.

“必謹察之”怎么講

這是孫子的相敵術，就是通過觀察敵人的情況，來判斷敵人隨后的行動。透過現象看本質。我認為這里孫子認為看到的現象與敵人的目的是相反的。敵人總是通過與要采取的行動相反的表現，來迷惑我們。他越是言辭強勢，做出前進的動作，其實是想撤退。敵人的士兵士氣正旺盛，殺氣騰騰的，與我們的部隊相對峙，但是卻很長時間不作戰，又不撤退，這一定是有意圖，就要小心觀察。可能是在強制我們，從背后襲擊我們。所以這里也不存在矛盾的問題。