軍爭篇 NO.3:
故不知諸侯之謀者,不能豫交;
不知山林、險阻、沮澤之形者,不能行軍;
不用鄉導者,不能得地利。
故兵以詐立,以利動,以分和為變者也。
故其疾如風,其徐如林,侵掠如火,不動如山,難知如陰,動如雷震。
掠鄉分眾,廓地分利,懸權而動。
先知迂直之計者勝,此軍爭之法也。
這句啥意思:
所以不了解諸侯各國的圖謀,就不要和他們結成聯盟;
不知道山林、險阻和沼澤的地形分布,不能行軍;
不使用向導,就不能掌握和利用有利的地形。
所以,用兵是憑借施詭詐出奇兵而獲勝的,根據是否有利于獲勝決定行動,根據雙方情勢或分兵或集中為主要變化。
按照戰場形勢的需要,部隊行動迅速時,如狂風飛旋;行進從容時,如森林徐徐展開;攻城掠地時,如烈火迅猛;駐守防御時,如大山巋然;軍情隱蔽時,如烏云蔽日;大軍出動時,如雷霆萬鈞。
奪取敵方的財物,擄掠百姓,應分兵行動。開拓疆土,分奪利益,應該分兵扼守要害。這些都應該權衡利弊,根據實際情況,相機行事。
率先知道“迂直之計”的將獲勝,這就是軍爭的原則。
英文這么說:
We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors.
We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country—its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices,its marshes and swamps.
We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides.
In war, practice dissimulation, and you will succeed. Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops,must be decided by circumstances.
Let your rapidity be that of the wind,your compactness that of the forest. In raiding and plundering be like fire,is immovability like a mountain. Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night,and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt.
When you plunder a countryside, let the spoil be divided amongst your men; when you capture new territory,cut it up into allotments for the benefit of the soldiery. Ponder and deliberate before you make a move.
He will conquer who has learnt the artifice of deviation. Such is the art of maneuvering.
白話分析