作戰篇 NO.3:
善用兵者,役不再籍,糧不三載,取用于國,因糧于敵,故軍食可足也。
國之貧于師者遠輸,遠輸則百姓貧;近師者貴賣,貴賣則百姓財竭,財竭則急于丘役。
力屈財殫,中原內虛于家,百姓之費,十去其七;公家之費,破軍罷馬,甲胄矢弓,戟盾矛櫓,丘牛大車,十去其六。
這句啥意思:
善于用兵的人,不用再次征集兵員,不用多次運送軍糧。武器裝備由國內供應,從敵人那里設法奪取糧食,這樣軍隊的糧草就可以充足了。
國家之所以因作戰而貧困,是由于軍隊遠征,不得不進行長途運輸。長途運輸必然導致百姓貧窮。駐軍附近處物價必然飛漲,物價飛漲,必然導致物資枯竭,物財枯竭,賦稅和勞役必然加重。
在戰場上,軍力耗盡,在國內財源枯竭,百姓私家財產損耗十分之七。公家的財產,由于車輛破損,馬匹疲憊,盔甲、弓箭、矛戟、盾牌、牛車的損失,而耗去十分之六。
英文這么說:
The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy,neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice.Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.
Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away.
When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare,and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated;while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses,breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields,protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons,will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.
《古語智慧》