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Today's Social Security program has its roots in the Great Depression of the 1930s. With 22 million unemployed, many Americans lived in poverty, and many elderly workers lost all their pension funds when their companies went bankrupt.
如今的社會(huì)保障計(jì)劃在20世紀(jì)30年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期就有其歷史根源。在大蕭條時(shí)期有兩千兩百萬人失業(yè)，許多美國人在貧困線上掙扎。各類公司紛紛倒閉，致使許多老年人失去了所有的養(yǎng)老基金。
As part of the government's response, known as the "New Deal," President Franklin Roosevelt created an advisory panel to make recommendations to Congress for a program to protect workers from losing their pensions or retirement savings.
作為政府的應(yīng)對(duì)措施，即“新政”的一部分，富蘭克林·總統(tǒng)設(shè)立了顧問小組，專門為國會(huì)提供建議，以保護(hù)工人的養(yǎng)老基金和退休金不受損失。
In January of 1935, Congress began its consideration of the Social Security Act. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. There was a lot of opposition expressed during the congressional debates and in the opinion pages of the nation's newspapers.
1935年1月，國會(huì)開始考慮成立社會(huì)保障法。這一法案并沒有得到每個(gè)人的支持。國會(huì)就這一問題進(jìn)行了激辯，美國各大報(bào)紙的輿論頁面也出現(xiàn)許多反對(duì)聲。
Supporters praised it as a form of social responsibility, while others found it "dangerous and unconstitutional," imposing too much government in the private economic sector. Yet proponents carried the day, and the House and Senate passed the Social Security Act. Expanded by Congress over the years, Social Security has had a major impact on the lives of older Americans.
支持者贊美這項(xiàng)法案體現(xiàn)了一種社會(huì)責(zé)任，然而反對(duì)者則稱這是“危險(xiǎn)的、違反憲法的”，稱其在私企強(qiáng)加了過多的政府干涉。然而支持者占優(yōu)勢(shì)，眾議院和參議院通過了這條法案。許多年來，社會(huì)保障體系對(duì)老年美國人的生活產(chǎn)生了重大影響。
Without it, almost half of all Americans over 65 would be living in poverty. Often considered one of government's greatest achievements, it is also the single most costly federal program; and the system's continued financial viability is currently a major issue of national concern.
如果沒有這項(xiàng)法案，近一半的65歲以上的老人將會(huì)生活在貧困中。社會(huì)保障常被視為政府最偉大的成就，但它也是聯(lián)邦各項(xiàng)計(jì)劃中最昂貴的一項(xiàng)。目前社會(huì)保障體系的財(cái)務(wù)可行性將成為一個(gè)國民主要關(guān)注的問題。
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