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【Business notes】
在本章節(jié)當中，我們聽到了很多關于運輸工罷工的事情。
Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to perform work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances.
Strikes became important during the industrial revolution, when mass labour became important in factories and mines. In most countries, they were quickly made illegal, as factory owners had far more political power than workers. Most western countries partially legalized striking in the late 19th or early 20th centuries.
Strikes are sometimes used to put pressure on governments to change policies. Occasionally, strikes destabilise the rule of a particular political party.
The strike tactic has a very long history. Towards the end of the 20th dynasty, under Pharaoh Ramses III in ancient Egypt in the 12th century BC, the workers of the royal necropolis organized the first known strike or workers' uprising in history.
The use of the word "strike" in this sense first appeared in 1768, when sailors, in support of demonstrations in London, "struck" or removed the top sails of merchant ships at port, thus crippling the ships.
A strike may consist of workers refusing to attend work or picketing outside the workplace to prevent or dissuade people from working in their place or conducting business with their employer. Less frequently workers may occupy the workplace, but refuse either to do their jobs or to leave. This is known as a sit-down strike.
罷工行動，或被簡稱為罷工（Strikes），是工人為了表示抗議，而集體拒絕工作的行為。在以集體勞動為重的工作行業(yè)，如工廠、煤礦等，罷工往往能夠迅速得到雇主、政府和公眾的迅速注意，從而工人所提出的要求就更可能獲得保證。在西方國家，罷工在19世紀末期和20世紀初、工業(yè)革命發(fā)生期間產(chǎn)生了關鍵的作用，成功迫使了政府修改政策、甚至倒臺。 罷工并非現(xiàn)代人所創(chuàng)的概念。埃及法老王拉美西斯三世在公元前十二世紀在位期間，皇家墓園的工人就發(fā)起了罷工，這是一般歷史學家認為世界上的第一場罷工，顯示著工人階級首次獲得重視。本次事件在紙莎草紙上有詳細的歷史記載，保藏于意大利的都靈市（Turin）。
