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【背景】
注意力的概念
“注意”，是一個古老而又永恒的話題。俄羅斯教育家烏申斯基曾精辟地指出：“‘注意’是我們心靈的惟一門戶，意識中的一切，必然都要經過它才能進來。”
注意是指人的心理活動對外界一定事物的指向和集中。具有注意的能力稱為注意力。
注意從始至終貫穿于整個心理過程，只有先注意到一定事物，才可能進一步去集訓、記憶和思考等。
注意包括被動注意（又稱不隨意注意）和主動注意（又稱隨意注意）。
注意力是智力的五個基本因素之一，是記憶力、觀察力、想象力、思維力的準備狀態，所以注意力被人們稱為心靈的門戶。
由于注意，人們才能集中精力去清晰地感知一定的事物，深入地思考一定的問題，而不被其他事物所干擾；沒有注意，人們的各種智力因素，觀察、記憶、想象、和思維等將得不到一定的支持而失去控制。
注意力的五大品質：注意力的穩定性、注意力的集中性、注意力的范圍、注意力的分配、注意力的轉移。
摘自百度百科
Attention is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things. Attention has also been referred to as the allocation of processing resources [1]
Examples include listening carefully to what someone is saying while ignoring other conversations in a room (the cocktail party effect) or listening to a cell phone conversation while driving a car.[2] Attention is one of the most intensely studied topics within psychology and cognitive neuroscience.
William James, in his textbook Principles of Psychology, remarked:
“ Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others, and is a condition which has a real opposite in the confused, dazed, scatterbrained state which in French is called distraction, and Zerstreutheit in German.
摘自維基百科
