Peru is already split between the haves and the have nots when it comes to access to water...
先要注意the haves和the have nots的意思.
the haves: people who have enough money and possessions 有錢人,富人
the have-nots: people who do not have money and possessions 一無所有的人,窮人
the division between the haves and the have-nots
富人和窮人之間的差異
通常the haves和the have-nots是連在一起用,表示"富人和窮人".
When it comes to...: 一談到,當說到...
Split: to divide, or to make a group of people divide, into smaller groups that have very different opinions
a debate that has split the country down the middle
使全國分成2大派的一場爭論
The committee split over government subsidies.
在政府補貼的問題上,委員會出現了相互對立的意見.
這句話的意思是說,在供水問題上,秘魯出現了富人和窮人相互對立的局面(富人有水喝,窮人沒水喝).
...conflicts are escalating...矛盾/沖突在不斷擴大
Escalate: to become or make sth greater, worse, more serious, etc (使)逐步擴大,不斷惡化,加劇
The fighting escalated into a full-scale war.
這場交戰逐步擴大為全面戰爭.
the escalating costs of health care
逐漸增加的保健費用
We do not want to escalate the war.
我們不想讓戰爭升級.
Up to: (數量上)達到,多達