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大千世界:狗訓練

時間:2009-07-27 15:42:56 編輯:jessica ? 可可英語APP下載 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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If you read dog-training books or watch dog trainers on television, you've probably learned that to control your dog, you have to display dominance. It's commonly thought that because dogs are pack animals, they live according to dominance hierarchies(等級制度)---either you're the dominant top dog or you're a submissive(順從的,降服的) underling(下屬，部下，走卒). So, according to many popular dog-training methods, you've got to show a dog who's boss in order to make it sit, stay, fetch and obey other commands. But a study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania suggests that using confrontational methods to train dogs often results in pets that are more aggressive and unmanageable(難以處理的,難管理的). Common techniques include hitting or kicking a dog, growling, rolling a dog on its back and holding it down, staring a dog down and grabbing a dog's jowls and shaking. The researchers' survey of 140 dog owners showed that these aggressive methods resulted in an aggressive response from dogs at least twenty-five percent of the time. So how should you train your dog? Many expert trainers advocate treating a dog much as you would a small child. Gentle training techniques emphasize(強調) building a healthy relationship with your dog by opening clear lines of communication and establishing a set of rules and boundaries(界限). This includes rewarding dogs for good behavior and not expecting your dog to obey all your commands right away. Like most kids and even many adults, learning to behave takes time and patience.

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重點單詞		查看全部解釋
dominance	['dɔminəns]	想一想再看 n. 支配(控制，統治，權威，優勢)
control	[kən'trəul]	想一想再看 n. 克制，控制，管制，操作裝置 vt. 控制
advocate	['ædvəkeit,'ædvəkit]	想一想再看 n. 提倡者，擁護者，辯護者，律師 v. 主張	聯想記憶 X 單詞advocate 聯想記憶： ad+voc聲音+ate表名詞，“人或地位”→擁護者
underling	['ʌndəliŋ]	想一想再看 n. 部下，下屬	聯想記憶 X 單詞underling 聯想記憶： under在下面+ling表名詞，“小東西或某種人”→下屬
gentle	['dʒentl]	想一想再看 adj. 溫和的，輕柔的，文雅的，溫順的，出身名門的
rewarding	[ri'wɔ:diŋ]	想一想再看 adj. 有報酬的，有益的	聯想記憶 X 單詞rewarding 聯想記憶：源于：reward（v 獎賞）
aggressive	[ə'gresiv]	想一想再看 adj. 侵略的，有進取心的，好斗的	聯想記憶 X 單詞aggressive 聯想記憶： ag再+gress行走+ive→侵略的；進取的
patience	['peiʃəns]	想一想再看 n. 耐心，忍耐，毅力 n. 單人玩的牌	聯想記憶 X 單詞patience 聯想記憶： par[=pass]=felling感情+ience→感情，有感情就有耐心→耐心；忍受
response	[ri'spɔns]	想一想再看 n. 回答，響應，反應，答復 n. [宗	聯想記憶 X 單詞response 聯想記憶： re回+spond承諾→承諾回去;respond的名詞→回答；答應
emphasize	['emfəsaiz]	想一想再看 vt. 強調，著重