1.Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use, so that they may unlock the doors of knowledge, the gate that guard the entrances to the professions, to science, art, literature, agriculture---every department of human endeavor.

【參考譯文】有些人想取得偉人所獲得并保持的成就，他們就必須不斷運(yùn)用自身才能，以便開啟知識(shí)的大門，即那些通往人類努力探求的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的大門，這些領(lǐng)域包括各種職業(yè)：科學(xué)，藝術(shù)，文學(xué)，農(nóng)業(yè)等。

【結(jié)構(gòu)解析】“reached and kept by great men”是過去分詞做定語，修飾“heights ”，這里的“ faculties”意思是“才能”。

2.If Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in a quarry, had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist.

【參考譯文】如果休·米勒在采石場(chǎng)勞作一天后，晚上的時(shí)光用來休息消遣的話，他就不會(huì)成為名垂青史的地質(zhì)學(xué)家。

【結(jié)構(gòu)解析】這句話的主干是"If Hugh Miller...had devoted..., he would never..."。