call for
require, demand 要求

on the grounds of/on…grounds
for reasons of 因為；以…為理由

self-preservation
n. 自我保護

sentimentalize
vt. treat or consider in a sentimental way 感情用事地對待（或看待）

creature
n. a living being, especially an animal 生物（尤指動物）

resistance
n. opposition 反對，反抗

voter
n. 投票者，（法定）選舉人

vote
v. express one's choice in favour of (a person or political party) at an election 投票選舉

snail darter
n. 蝸牛魚（一種瀕臨絕種的很小的淡水魚）

run/go against the grain (of sth. or to do sth.)
be contrary to one's inclination, desire, or feeling 與（…）格格不入；違反意愿（做某事）

contemporary
a. current; modern 當代的，現代的

worship
n., vt. 崇拜；崇敬

to the point of
to a degree that can be described as 達到…的程度

excess
n. more than the reasonable degree or amount 過節，無節制

organism
n. 生物體，有機體

spiritual
a. of the spirit as opposed to matter 精神的；非物質的

nothing more than
just the same as; only 無異于；只不過，僅僅

sentimental
a. 感情用事的；多愁善感的

selective
a. of or characterized by selection 選擇的；有選擇性的

Bengali
n., a. 孟加拉人（的）；孟加拉語（的）；孟加拉的

jungle
n. 雜亂無章的事物；（熱帶）叢林

current
a. occurring in or existing at the present time 當前的，現在的

debate
n. 辯論；爭論

rage
vi. continue with great force; be intense 激烈地進行

wildlife
n. wild animals and vegetation, especially animals living in a natural state （總稱）野生動物（尤指野生動物）

refuge▲
n. a place providing protection or shelter 庇護所；避難處

work one's way
manage to reach or go through; make efforts to attain one's goal 設法抵達（或獲得通過）；努力達到目標

congress
n. 國會；立法機關；代表大會

exploration
n. the act or an instance of exploring 勘查，探測；探索

conserve▲
vt. protect from loss or harm; preserve 保護；保存

either/or
a. 只能兩者擇其一的

proposition▲
n. 提議；命題

consumption
n. the act of consuming; the amount consumed 消費（量）

come through
experience, survive or overcome (a difficulty, etc.) 經歷；從（…中）活下來（或挺過來）

in part
to some extent; partly 在某種程度上；部分地

dependence
n. the state of being dependent 依靠，依賴

ridiculous
a. absurd 可笑的，荒謬的

sentimentalism
n. 感情用事；多愁善感，感傷主義

deny
vt. refuse to grant or allow 不給；不準

attainable
a. that can be reached or achieved 可達到的；可得到的

attain
vt. 達到；取得

disrupt▲
vt. throw into confusion or disorder 使陷于混亂；干擾

breeding ground
動物繁殖的地方

breed (bred)
v. bear, produce (young) （使）繁殖；產（后代）

reindeer
n. （單復同）馴鹿

Arctic
a., n. 北級（的），北極圈（的）

mate
v. （使）交配

similarly
ad. in a similar way 同樣地，相同地

owl▲
n. 貓頭鷹

aesthetic▲
a. 美學的；美感的；美的

livelihood
n. a means of living 生計

logging
n. 伐木業