rival
n. a person, group or organization with whom one competes 競爭者，對手

professorship
n. the position of a university professor 教授職位

materially
ad. 物質上

rewarding
a. worth doing or having; worthwhile 值得做的；報酬豐厚的

average
a. of the usual or ordinary kind 平常的

professional
a. doing for money what others do for enjoyment 職業性的，非業余的

baseball
n. 棒球（運動）

compete
vi. try to win sth. in competition with someone else 競爭

world-class
a. among the best in the world 世界級的；世界一流水平的

academic
a. concerning teaching or studying, esp. in a college or university（高等）教學的；學術的

afloat
a. 1. out of difficulties or debt（在經濟上）應付裕如的
2. 浮在水上的

largely
ad. 1. to a great degree 主要地
2. in great quantity 大量地

import
vt. (from) bring in, introduce, esp. goods from a foreign country 進口，輸入
n. (usu.pl.) goods imported [常用復數] 進口商品

abroad
ad. to or in another country 到國外，在國外

major
a. greater when compared with others, in size, number, or importance 較大的，較多的，較重要的

portion
n. a part or share of sth. larger 一部分，一份

cultivate
vt. improve or develop by careful attention, training, or study 培養，培育

pro-intellectual
a. 有利于知識分子的；促進理性知識的

impoverished
a. very poor 窮困的

adapt
vi. (to) change so as to be or make suitable for new needs, different conditions, etc. 適應
vt. 使適應，使適合

educate
vt. teach; train the character or mind of 教育；培養，訓練

workforce
n. 勞動大軍，勞動力

innovative
a. introducing or using new ideas, techniques, etc. 革新的；富有革新精神的

intelligent
a. having or showing powers of reasoning or understanding 聰明的，睿智的

leadership
n. a group of people who lead 領導層

extent
n. degree 程度，限度

insult
vt. speak or act in a way that hurts or is intended to hurt the feelings or dignity of (sb.) 侮辱
n. remark or action that insults 侮辱

Phrases and Expressions

bite off
cut off with the teeth 咬掉

be dedicated to
be devoted to 致力于，獻身于

look down upon /on
have or show a low opinion of 看不起，輕視

idle away
waste (time) lazily 浪費（時間）

conform to
be in agreement with; comply with 遵照；符合

be deprived of
被奪去；被剝奪

not least of all
particularly 尤其

be held up as
be shown or offered as 被推舉為；被展示為

instead of
in place of 代替；而不是

lie with
應由 …（承擔責任）；（作出決定等）得靠…

adapt to
change so as to be or make suitable for 適應

do away with
abolish; cause to end 廢除；去掉

stand a chance
have the possibility of achieving sth. 有希望的；有可能

Proper Names

Leonid Fridman
利奧尼德·弗里德曼（人名）

Webster's New World Dictionary
《韋伯斯特新世界詞典》

Harvard
（美國）哈佛大學 (= Harvard University)

Weber
韋伯（Max Weber, 1864 - 1920, 德國社會學家，現代社會學奠基人之一）