environmental
a. 環境的

disgrace
n. shame or loss of other people's respect; a person or thing that brings shame, dishonor, etc. 丟臉，恥辱；丟臉的人（或事）

wrap
v. cover or enclose within a covering 包裹

battery
n. 電池

necktie
n. (esp. AmE) tie （尤美）領帶；領結

debt
n. money or other things owed to sb. else 欠債，債務

scale
vt. increase or reduce, esp. by a fixed rate （按比例）調節
n. a set of numbers or standards used to measure or compare （測量或比較的）標準；等級

cheat
v. deceive 欺騙

hype
n. 天花亂墜的宣傳

Phrases and Expressions

in defense of
supporting 維護；為…辯護

shake off
get rid of 抖落；擺脫

rely on
depend on 依靠，依賴

so far
up to the present 到目前為止

turn out
be found or known to be 結果（是）；原來（是）；證明（是）

hit/touch a nerve
refer to a subject that causes sb. pain, anger, etc.觸及要害；觸到痛處

do damage to
損害，破壞

back out
with draw 退出，撒手不干

many a
(fml) many ［正式］許多

climb down
1. 往下爬
2. admit that you are wrong 認錯；退讓

might as well
還是…為好，不妨

drive... into
force (sb.) into a usu. unpleasant condition 迫使，逼使

cut back on
reduce 縮減，削減

pay off
pay (a debt) in full 還清

scale back
reduce (sth.) by a fixed rate 按比例縮減

Proper Names

Bill McKibben
比爾·默基本（人名）

Sophie
索菲（女子名）

Christ
基督