(C)      the storage of the fresh water

(D)      the proper size of icebergs

4.    According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A)      The time for towing icebergs may be made shorter.

(B)      It is possible to use ships to tow icebergs from the polar areas.

(C)      Airline pilots may make use of jet streams to help towing an iceberg.

(D)      Not too much of the iceberg would melt while being towed through the oceans.

5.    The author’s attitude towards the solution to the problem of drought is _____.

(A) doubtful

(B) positive

(C) discouraging

(D) critical

Questions 6--10

    Most sore throats are caused by an infection which treatment with antibiotics cannot cure. But with simple remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 or 5 days.

    Sore throats are common. Most of the time the soreness is worse in the morning and improves as the day progresses.

    Like colds, the vast majority of sore throats are caused by viral infections. This means most sore throats will NOT respond to antibiotics. Many people have a mild sore throat at the beginning of every cold. When the nose or sinuses become infected, drainage can run down the back of the throat and irritate it, especially at night. Or, the throat itself can be infected.

    With a sore throat, sometimes the tonsils or surrounding parts of the throat are inflamed. Either way, removing the tonsils to try to prevent future sore throats is not recommended for most children.

    Tonsillitis, however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on swallowing. With children—and some adults—there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat. The neck may also swell, both of which are the normal response to infection.

    Sometimes a sore throat may occur with the common cold, and with influenza there may be dryness of the throat, pain on coughing and loss of voice.

TREATMENT:

Aspirin: To help relieve the pain on swallowing and (if there is one) the fever. Use aspirin tablets dissolved in water so that the patient can gargle before swallowing. Repeat the treatment every 4 hours.

Drink: Encourage the patient to drink plenty.

Food: Food should not be forced on a patient who does not want to eat.

Steam: If there is pain in the throat on coughing, breathing in steam may help.

CHILDREN:

Young children, who may not be able to gargle, should be given aspirin dissolved in water every 4 hours in the right dose for their age.

At one year: A single junior aspirin.

At five years: Half an adult aspirin.

At eight years: One whole adult aspirin.

WHEN TO SEE THE DOCTOR:

If the sore throat it still getting worse after 2 days.

If the patient complains of earache.

It the patient’s fever increases.

If the patient or parent is very worried.

6.    According to the passage, it would appear that most sore throats _____.

(A)     require an immediate visit to a doctor

(B)     respond quickly to treatment with an antibiotic

(C)     rarely turn out to be serious illnesses

(D)     result in tonsillitis even when treated

7.    One of the signs of tonsillitis can often be _____.

(A)    difficulty in swallowing food and liquid

(B)     pain in the chest when the patient coughs

(C)     white spots appearing on the neck

(D)    earache during the first four or five days

8.    In order to treat a sore throat one should _____.

(A)    prevent the patient from eating too much

(B)     give the patient up to 4 aspirin tablets every hour

(C)     make sure the patient takes in plenty of liquid

(D)    make the patient gargle with soft drink

9.    You should call the doctor in if _____.

(A)     the infection spreads to another member of the family

(B)     swelling occurs in the region of the ears

(C)     the patient’s voice is lost after two days

(D)     the patient’s condition continues to worsen

10. As used in the passage, the word “gargle” means _____.

(A)     to wash one’s mouth and throat with a liquid in motion by breathing through it

(B)     to eat something with a continuous and often audible action of one’s jaws

(C)     to bite and work in the mouth with one’s teeth, especially to make it easier to swallow something

(D)     to cause or allow something, especially food or drink, to pass down one’s sore throat

Questions 11--15

I watched as Dr Ian Stead, the archaeologist in charge of the excavation, began carefully removing the peat with a clay modelling tool. X-rays taken through the box while it was at the hospital revealed ribs, backbone, arm bones and a skull (apparently with fractures). However, the bones showed up only faintly because acid in the peat had removed minerals from them.

Using the X-rays, Stead started on what he thought might be a leg. By his side was Professor Frank Oldfield, of Liverpool University, an expert on peat who could identify vegetation from stems only a fraction of an inch long. “Similar bodies found in bogs in Denmark show signs of a violent death,” Stead said. “It is essential for us to be able to distinguish between the plant fibres in peat and clothing or a piece of rope which might have been used to hang him.”

As Stead continued his gentle probing, a brown leathery limb began to materialise amidst the peat; but not until most of it was exposed could he and Robert Connolly, a physical anthropologist at Liverpool University, decide that it was an arm. Beside it was a small piece of animal fur—perhaps the remains of clothing.

Following the forearm down into the peat, Stead found a brown shiny object and then, close by, two more. Seen under a magnifying glass, he suddenly realised they were fingernails—“beautifully manicured and without a scratch on them,” he said. “Most people at this time in the Iron Age were farmers; but with fingernails like that, this person can’t have been. He might have been a priest or an aristocrat.”

Especially delicate work was required to reveal the head. On the third day, a curly sideburn appeared and, shortly afterwards, a moustache. At first it seemed that the man had been balding but gradually he was seen to have close-cropped hair, about an inch or two long.

“This information about his hairstyle is unique. We have no other information about what Britons looked like before the Roman invasion except for three small plaques showing Celts with drooping moustaches and shaven chins.”

The crucial clue showing how the man died had already been revealed, close to his neck, but it looked just like another innocent heather root. It was not recognised until two days later, when Margaret McCord, a senior conservation officer, found the same root at the back of his neck and, cleaning it carefully, saw its twisted texture. “He’s been garrotted.” She declared. The ‘root’ was a length of twisted sinew, the thickness of strong string. A slip knot at the back shows how it was tightened round the neck.

“A large discoloration on the left shoulder suggests a bruise and possibly a violent struggle,” Stead said.

11. The X-rays that were taken showed Stead and Oldfield _____.

(A)      a vague picture of the bones

(B)      exactly what they were looking for

(C)      which deposits were clay and which peat

(D)      exactly how the man had died

12. The researchers suspected the man had met a violent death because _____.

(A)      he was still wearing clothes

(B) &

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